Domestic Violence and Marriage
With the recent publication of crime statistics for 2003 by the Colorado Bureau of Investigation I have been able to update the <http://www.dvmen.org/dv-90.htm%3edemographics> demographics of domestic violence in the state legal system. We now have archival court data for the years 1998 through 2003 and some clear trends are evident. With regard to domestic violence, Colorado is a bellwether state, having introduced some of the earliest laws requiring mandatory arrest, "no drop" prosecution, combined with "primary aggressor" (arrest the male) statutes. Further, in Colorado restraining orders are permanent, as in the rest of one's life, whereas in most other states such orders have a finite duration of one or two years.
One frightening trend is the extraordinary increase in the issuance of restraining orders as shown: (<http://www.dvmen.org/dv-99.htm#pgfId-1105719>Table> Table 49)
Also, in 2003 court cases for criminal domestic violence increased 5% to 16,159, yet domestic violence incidents reported to police decreased 2% to 7,108 from the previous year. No public official I have spoken with has been able to explain why or how there are more than twice as many DV criminal cases in court than DV incidents reported to the police, nor how the police incidents can be going down while the number of DV court cases is rapidly increasing.
One surprising trend became clear in 2003. Divorce filings in Colorado courts have consistently decreased from 63 per 10,000 citizens in 1999 to 56 per 10,000 in 2003 (<http://www.dvmen.org/dv-100.htm#pgfId-1109000>Table> Table 53).
It might reasonably be expected that with restraining order filings and domestic violence cases increasing at an extraordinary rate that divorces should also be increasing. To find that isn't happening was puzzling.
An obvious way to avoid a divorce is not to marry in the first place.
For most of the fifty-plus years between 1950 and 2002, the marriage rate in Colorado averaged around 100 per 10,000
citizens per year but has been steadily declining since 1994. One might reasonably suspect that increases in restraining orders and DV charges have a depressing affect on men's willingness to marry. These relations are clear in the plot:
Demographics Of Domestic Violence In Colorado — 2004
Charles E. Corry, Ph.D.
© 2005 Equal Justice Foundation
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| Chapter 10 — Demographics Of Domestic Violence In Colorado |
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The fiscal year 2004 statistics for the Colorado courts for domestic violence charges, with associated mandatory restraining orders, are given in their Table 30, with a total of 15,255, and civil restraining orders are tabulated in their Table 29, totalling 14,060 (7,917 of these orders are for domestic abuse), for a combined total of 29,315, down 1,816 (–6%) from the previous year. These tables are compiled by the State Court Administrator's Office and are available from the Colorado State Court Web site and are combined and presented here in Table 47 with the normalized values for each judicial district.
Table 47: Number restraining orders, domestic violence cases, and divorce rate in the State of Colorado in fiscal 2004 (July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2004) by judicial district and county.
|
Judicial district
Colorado Counties
|
2004
Census
|
Restraining
orders (DA) 1
|
Domestic
violence 2
|
Restraining
orders % 3
|
Percent of
population
|
Orders per
10,000 people
|
Divorces
per 10,000 4
|
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
2001
|
2002
|
2003
|
2004
|
|
First
Gilpin and Jefferson
|
539,604
total
|
1,400
(820)
|
1,328
|
9.3%
|
13.3%
|
44
|
43
|
44
|
51
|
52
|
54
|
51
|
52
|
|
Second
Denver (not included in DV totals)
|
556,835
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
51
|
|
Third
Huerfano and Las Animas
|
23,108
total
|
144
(28)
|
108
|
0.9%
|
0.6%
|
82
|
124
|
127
|
119
|
118
|
136
|
109
|
60
|
|
Fourth
El Paso and Teller
|
576,251
total
|
2,920
(2,135)
|
3,355
|
21.4%
|
14.3%
|
140
|
114
|
107
|
103
|
104
|
115
|
109
|
63
|
|
Fifth
Clear Creek, Eagle, Lake, and Summit
|
88,189
total
|
194
(23)
|
411
|
2.1%
|
2.2%
|
27
|
75
|
66
|
68
|
67
|
73
|
69
|
41
|
|
Sixth
Archuleta, La Plata, and San Juan
|
58,658
total
|
287
(118)
|
269
|
1.9%
|
1.5%
|
56
|
83
|
86
|
98
|
79
|
87
|
95
|
53
|
|
Seventh
Delta, Gunnison, Hinsdale, Montrose, Ouray, and San Miguel
|
92,679
total
|
571
(334 )
|
351
|
3.2%
|
2.3%
|
108
|
89
|
95
|
97
|
98
|
106
|
99
|
65
|
|
Eighth
Jackson and Larimer
|
270,326
total
|
625
(264)
|
1,101
|
5.9%
|
6.7%
|
42
|
38
|
42
|
57
|
65
|
74
|
64
|
51
|
|
Ninth
Garfield, Pitkin, and Rio Blanco
|
69,274
total
|
211
(93)
|
346
|
1.9%
|
1.7%
|
68
|
76
|
78
|
85
|
90
|
81
|
80
|
59
|
|
Tenth
Pueblo
|
150,171
|
975
(522)
|
843
|
6.2%
|
3.7%
|
56
|
92
|
121
|
127
|
120
|
137
|
121
|
52
|
|
Eleventh
Chaffee, Custer, Fremont, and Park
|
85,035
total
|
322
(44)
|
294
|
2.1%
|
2.1%
|
51
|
82
|
69
|
77
|
66
|
78
|
72
|
56
|
|
Twelfth
Alamosa, Conejos, Costilla, Mineral, Rio Grande, and Saguache
|
47,464
total
|
278
(38)
|
262
|
1.8%
|
1.2%
|
80
|
113
|
131
|
104
|
100
|
106
|
114
|
61
|
|
Thirteenth
Kit Carson, Logan, Morgan,
Phillips, Sedgwick,
Washington, and Yuma
|
78,311
total
|
250
(99)
|
286
|
1.8%
|
1.9%
|
61
|
61
|
64
|
62
|
75
|
63
|
68
|
51
|
|
Fourteenth
Grand, Moffat, and Routt
|
47,733
total
|
132
(37)
|
231
|
1.2%
|
1.2%
|
44
|
45
|
45
|
62
|
68
|
81
|
76
|
57
|
|
Fifteenth
Baca, Cheyenne, Kiowa, Prowers
|
21,657
total
|
79
(54)
|
70
|
0.5%
|
0.5%
|
84
|
80
|
79
|
77
|
82
|
75
|
69
|
56
|
|
Sixteenth
Bent, Crowley, and Otero
|
30,701
total
|
185
(87)
|
198
|
1.3%
|
0.8%
|
93
|
131
|
136
|
163
|
168
|
153
|
125
|
77
|
|
Seventeenth
Adams and Broomfield
|
432,758
total
|
1,157
(689)
|
1,426
|
8.8%
|
10.7%
|
53
|
67
|
62
|
65
|
66
|
65
|
60
|
49
|
|
Eighteenth
Arapahoe, Douglas, Elbert, Lincoln
|
789,009
total
|
2,721
(1,670)
|
1,664
|
15.0%
|
19.5%
|
N/A
|
46
|
49
|
52
|
59
|
60
|
56
|
50
|
|
Nineteenth
Weld
|
219,257
|
757
(447)
|
1,116
|
6.4%
|
5.4%
|
97
|
88
|
101
|
90
|
95
|
95
|
85
|
46
|
|
Twentieth
Boulder
|
278,917
|
467
(250)
|
771
|
4.2%
|
6.9%
|
25
|
48
|
51
|
47
|
44
|
51
|
44
|
45
|
|
Twenty first
Mesa
|
127,253
|
245
(109)
|
728
|
3.3%
|
3.2%
|
75
|
62
|
69
|
74
|
72
|
75
|
76
|
77
|
|
Twenty second
Dolores and Montezuma
|
26,583
total
|
140
(56)
|
97
|
0.8%
|
0.7%
|
54
|
55
|
65
|
87
|
95
|
86
|
89
|
59
|
|
Totals (minus Denver)
|
4,044,568
|
14,060
(7,917)
|
15,255
|
|
Av 62
M 67
SD28
|
Av 67
M 77
SD27
|
Av 69
M 80
SD30
|
Av 72
M 84
SD29
|
Av74
M 85
SD28
|
Av 78
M 88
SD28
|
Av 73
M 82
SD23
|
Av 53
M 56
SD 9
|
|
County populations: U.S. Census Bureau
Restraining orders and divorces: Colorado State Court Tables 17, 29, and 30
|
|
Notes:
1. Prior to fiscal 2002 the courts lumped all civil restraining orders together. Statistics for 2002 and subsequent years separate civil and domestic abuse (DA) orders. For consistency with prior years both the total number and (domestic abuse) restraining orders are given. Again for consistency, the total number of civil restraining orders plus domestic violence cases is used to calculate percentages and per capita values. Where domestic abuse orders exceed 50% the values are shown in (bold).
2. A restraining order is mandated by law C.R.S. § 18-1-1001.
3. Average is from the sum of civil and criminal restraining orders (29,315) divided by the state population minus Denver City and County.
4. Divorces includes all dissolutions, legal separations, and invalid marriage.
|
Av —Statewide average
M —Mean of judicial districts
SD — Standard deviation of judicial districts
|
Top
From 2002 on the State Court Administrator has broken the number of restraining orders issued into the separate categories of (a) domestic abuse and (b) all others. The number of restraining orders issued in each judicial district are shown in parentheses (number of domestic abuse orders) in Table 47. The values for judicial districts where more than half the restraining orders are for domestic abuse are shown in (bold). However, for consistency with data from previous years, it is necessary to use the total number of restraining orders for each judicial district and accept the inherent bias. The statewide average (minus Denver) is 73 per 10,000 citizens.
The number of restraining orders has increased over time, from 21,475 in 1998 (Table 36) to 29,315 in 2004 (Table 47), a 37% increase in just seven years while the sampled population has only increased 17%.
If restraining orders are being issued at the same ratio of 73 per 10,000 citizens in the entire United States as in Colorado there are approximately 2.1 million such orders being issued every year. That is a frightening number.
While the restraining order rate decreased 6% in 2004 from the 2003 high, this trend does not suggest the domestic violence problem is being solved, or offenders deterred, by current law and practice (see Table 51). Nor are the number of DV court cases supported by any other data. Domestic violence and abuse have clearly decreased in Colorado on a per capita basis from law enforcement data (Table 53).
The mean number of restraining orders for twenty-one of the twenty-two Colorado judicial districts for 2004 is 82 per 10,000 residents, with a standard deviation of 23 (Table 47).
In terms of the rate of restraining orders, the Third, Fourth, Tenth, Twelfth, and Sixteenth judicial districts once again lead the state for the year 2004 with 109, 109, 121, 114, and 125 restraining orders per 10,000 citizens respectively (Table 47). May god have pity on children and families in these draconian districts.
Percent of restraining orders versus percent of population
Top
A simple test of equity is the percentage of restraining orders issued in a judicial district versus the percentage of the population residing in that district. If uniform standards were being applied the percent of population would roughly equal the percent of restraining orders issued in that district. Any variance should diminish as the sample size increases. Thus large judicial districts like the Fourth, Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Twentieth should show smaller variances than small districts like the Third, Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Twenty Second.
Allowing for differences in the populations of the judicial districts we still find in Table 47 that again in 2004 the Fourth Judicial District has issued an exceptionally high number of restraining orders (21.4% of total) relative to its percentage of the state population (14.3%) sampled.
Although small districts, the Third (0.9% of orders, 0.6% of population), Seventh (3.2% of orders, 2.3% of population) and Sixteenth (1.3% of orders, 0.8% of population) judicial districts consistently issue a much greater percentage of restraining orders than their populations would suggest.
While larger judicial districts, the Tenth (6.2% of orders, 3.7% of population) and the Nineteenth (6.4% of orders, 5.3% of population) also fall into this category.
These six judicial districts fail this simple test of equity.
Comparison of domestic violence and abuse with other misdemeanors in 2004
Table 48 is a continuing attempt, for six years now, to see where and whether restraining orders and domestic violence correlate with other societal problems. The implicit assumption in Table 48, as in previous years, is that domestic violence is associated with other problems such as alcoholism, drug use, etc. For example, underage alcohol abuse and drug use would be associated with abusive or broken homes, and that Joe Six Pack likely gets into other kinds of trouble, e.g., bar brawls, for which he is arrested as well. In 2004 this assumption holds in the Third, Sixteenth, Twenty-First, and is especially notable in the Twelfth Judicial District (Table 48).
Table 48: Selected misdemeanor filings in the Colorado courts for fiscal year 2004. Number of filings per 10,000 citizens.
|
Judicial district
Colorado Counties
|
2004
Census
|
Domestic
Violence
|
Underage
Alcohol
Offenses
|
Drugs
|
Offense
Against
Persons 1
|
Offense
Against
Property 2
|
Fraud
|
|
First
Gilpin and Jefferson
|
539,604
total
|
25
|
17
|
16
|
17
|
9
|
1
|
|
Second
Denver (not included in totals)
|
556,835
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Third
Huerfano and Las Animas
|
23,108
total
|
47
|
104
|
48
|
55
|
37
|
2
|
|
Fourth
El Paso and Teller
|
576,251
total
|
58
|
22
|
27
|
24
|
14
|
2
|
|
Fifth
Clear Creek, Eagle, Lake, Summit
|
88,189
total
|
47
|
35
|
38
|
33
|
20
|
3
|
|
Sixth
Archuleta, La Plata, San Juan
|
58,658
total
|
46
|
14
|
29
|
18
|
11
|
0
|
|
Seventh
Delta, Gunnison, Hinsdale,
Montrose, Ouray, San Miguel
|
92,679
total
|
38
|
28
|
28
|
25
|
10
|
6
|
|
Eighth
Jackson and Larimer
|
270,326
total
|
41
|
44
|
34
|
23
|
16
|
0
|
|
Ninth
Garfield, Pitkin, Rio Blanco
|
69,274
total
|
50
|
36
|
24
|
35
|
10
|
1
|
|
Tenth
Pueblo
|
150,171
|
56
|
24
|
9
|
27
|
17
|
0
|
|
Eleventh
Chaffee, Custer, Fremont, Park
|
85,035
total
|
35
|
23
|
25
|
35
|
12
|
14
|
|
Twelfth
Alamosa, Conejos, Costilla,
Mineral, Rio Grande, Saguache
|
47,464
total
|
55
|
40
|
36
|
56
|
21
|
60
|
|
Thirteenth
Kit Carson, Logan, Morgan, Phillips, Sedgwick, Washington, and Yuma
|
78,311
total
|
37
|
21
|
27
|
25
|
9
|
3
|
|
Fourteenth
Grand, Moffat, and Routt
|
47,733
total
|
48
|
66
|
53
|
32
|
22
|
7
|
|
Fifteenth
Baca, Cheyenne, Kiowa, Prowers
|
21,657
total
|
32
|
47
|
20
|
23
|
14
|
45
|
|
Sixteenth
Bent, Crowley, and Otero
|
30,701
total
|
65
|
60
|
21
|
43
|
29
|
4
|
|
Seventeenth
Adams and Broomfield
|
432,758
total
|
33
|
6
|
9
|
14
|
10
|
0
|
|
Eighteenth
Arapahoe, Douglas, Elbert, Lincoln
|
789,009
total
|
21
|
23
|
12
|
13
|
9
|
0
|
|
Nineteenth
Weld
|
219,257
|
51
|
12
|
14
|
18
|
10
|
5
|
|
Twentieth
Boulder
|
278,917
|
28
|
61
|
26
|
21
|
26
|
0
|
|
Twenty first
Mesa
|
127,253
|
57
|
90
|
60
|
27
|
24
|
1
|
|
Twenty second
Dolores and Montezuma
|
26,583
total
|
36
|
48
|
26
|
40
|
14
|
17
|
|
Statewide average (minus Denver)
Mean of 21 judicial districts
Std. deviation of 21 judicial districts
|
38
43
12
|
28
39
25
|
21
28
13
|
21
29
12
|
13
16
8
|
3
8
15
|
|
County populations: U.S. Census Bureau
Misdemeanors: Colorado State Court Table 30
|
|
Notes:
1. Offenses against persons includes the crimes of assault, child abuse, forgery, harassment, sex offenses, and menacing.
2. Offenses against property includes the crimes of arson, criminal mischief, and theft.
3. Values that differ from the state average for a given offense by one standard deviation or more are shown in bold.
|
Top
The divorce rate then appears to be declining because there are fewer couples getting married. And in 2003 the marriage and restraining order rates appear to intersect although additional data, as always, are desirable.Clearly, the implication is that as charges of domestic violence and abuse increase, the number of marriages declines. That finding agrees with common sense. Marriages are built on trust and a restraining order or DV allegation destroys any trust in one's partner.
There are, of course, many other factors contributing to the decline of marriage in today's society, e.g., the easy availability
of sex without getting married. Women also blame men, as usual, for having a fear of commitment. But it is a rare man today who has not been caught up in the nightmare of a divorce, allegations of domestic violence, a restraining order, or faced charges of sexual harassment; or at least has a close friend, co-worker, parent, sibling, or other relative who has been through the horror of our present "legal" system.
With the rate of restraining orders exceeding the marriage rate, does anyone think our society can long survive under these laws and practices?
If unsupported allegations of domestic violence and abuse can be freely made in divorce and custody disputes with the law strongly favoring the female, then a man has to be functionally insane to marry and a drooling idiot to sire a child. By not marrying, and using modern birth control methods, our best and brightest largely avoid the nightmares our family laws and
courts have become. As a result, family laws in Colorado have become a breeding experiment in stupidity.
Charles E. Corry, Ph.D., F.G.S.A.
President, Equal Justice Foundation http://web.archive.org/web/20060222103958/http://www.ejfi.org/
455 Bear Creek Road
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80906-5820
Telephone: (719) 520-1089
Domestic violence against men in Colorado: http://web.archive.org/web/20060222103958/http://www.dvmen.org/
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