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Domestic Violence and Marriage

Domestic Violence and Marriage

With the recent publication of crime statistics for 2003 by the Colorado Bureau of Investigation I have been able to update the <http://www.dvmen.org/dv-90.htm%3edemographics> demographics of domestic violence in the state legal system. We now have archival court data for the years 1998 through 2003 and some clear trends are evident.  With regard to domestic violence, Colorado is a bellwether state, having introduced some of the earliest laws requiring mandatory arrest, "no drop" prosecution, combined with "primary aggressor" (arrest the male) statutes. Further, in Colorado restraining orders are permanent, as in the rest of one's life, whereas in most other states such orders have a finite duration of one or two years.

One frightening trend is the extraordinary increase in the issuance of restraining orders as shown: (<http://www.dvmen.org/dv-99.htm#pgfId-1105719>Table> Table 49)

     Also, in 2003 court cases for criminal domestic violence increased 5% to 16,159, yet domestic violence incidents reported to police decreased 2% to 7,108 from the previous year. No public official I have spoken with has been able to explain why or how there are more than twice as many DV criminal cases in court than DV incidents reported to the police, nor how the police incidents can be going down while the number of DV court cases is rapidly increasing.

One surprising trend became clear in 2003. Divorce filings in Colorado courts have consistently decreased from 63 per 10,000 citizens in 1999 to 56 per 10,000 in 2003 (<http://www.dvmen.org/dv-100.htm#pgfId-1109000>Table> Table 53).

It might reasonably be expected that with restraining order filings and domestic violence cases increasing at an extraordinary rate that divorces should also be increasing. To find that isn't happening was puzzling.

An obvious way to avoid a divorce is not to marry in the first place.

For most of the fifty-plus years between 1950 and 2002, the  marriage rate in Colorado averaged around 100 per 10,000
citizens per year
but has been steadily declining since 1994. One might reasonably suspect that increases in restraining orders and DV charges have a depressing affect on men's willingness to marry. These relations are clear in the plot:


Demographics Of Domestic Violence In Colorado — 2004

Charles E. Corry, Ph.D.

© 2005 Equal Justice Foundation


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The fiscal year 2004 statistics for the Colorado courts for domestic violence charges, with associated mandatory restraining orders, are given in their Table 30, with a total of 15,255, and civil restraining orders are tabulated in their Table 29, totalling 14,060 (7,917 of these orders are for domestic abuse), for a combined total of 29,315, down 1,816 (–6%) from the previous year. These tables are compiled by the State Court Administrator's Office and are available from the Colorado State Court Web site and are combined and presented here in Table 47 with the normalized values for each judicial district.


 
    Table 47: Number restraining orders, domestic violence cases, and divorce rate in the State of Colorado in fiscal 2004 (July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2004) by judicial district and county.

Judicial district

Colorado Counties

2004

Census

Restraining

orders (DA) 1

Domestic

violence 2

Restraining

orders % 3

Percent of

population

Orders per

10,000 people

Divorces

per 10,000 4

 

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

First

Gilpin and Jefferson

539,604

total

1,400

(820)

1,328

9.3%

13.3%

44

43

44

51

52

54

51

52

Second

Denver (not included in DV totals)

556,835

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

51

Third

Huerfano and Las Animas

23,108

total

144

(28)

108

0.9%

0.6%

82

124

127

119

118

136

109

60

Fourth

El Paso and Teller

576,251

total

2,920

(2,135)

3,355

21.4%

14.3%

140

114

107

103

104

115

109

63

Fifth

Clear Creek, Eagle, Lake, and Summit

88,189

total

194

(23)

411

2.1%

2.2%

27

75

66

68

67

73

69

41

Sixth

Archuleta, La Plata, and San Juan

58,658

total

287

(118)

269

1.9%

1.5%

56

83

86

98

79

87

95

53

Seventh

Delta, Gunnison, Hinsdale, Montrose, Ouray, and San Miguel

92,679

total

571

(334 )

351

3.2%

2.3%

108

89

95

97

98

106

99

65

Eighth

Jackson and Larimer

270,326

total

625

(264)

1,101

5.9%

6.7%

42

38

42

57

65

74

64

51

Ninth

Garfield, Pitkin, and Rio Blanco

69,274

total

211

(93)

346

1.9%

1.7%

68

76

78

85

90

81

80

59

Tenth

Pueblo

150,171

975

(522)

843

6.2%

3.7%

56

92

121

127

120

137

121

52

Eleventh

Chaffee, Custer, Fremont, and Park

85,035

total

322

(44)

294

2.1%

2.1%

51

82

69

77

66

78

72

56

Twelfth

Alamosa, Conejos, Costilla, Mineral, Rio Grande, and Saguache

47,464

total

278

(38)

262

1.8%

1.2%

80

113

131

104

100

106

114

61

Thirteenth

Kit Carson, Logan, Morgan,

Phillips, Sedgwick,

Washington, and Yuma

78,311

total

250

(99)

286

1.8%

1.9%

61

61

64

62

75

63

68

51

Fourteenth

Grand, Moffat, and Routt

47,733

total

132

(37)

231

1.2%

1.2%

44

45

45

62

68

81

76

57

Fifteenth

Baca, Cheyenne, Kiowa, Prowers

21,657

total

79

(54)

70

0.5%

0.5%

84

80

79

77

82

75

69

56

Sixteenth

Bent, Crowley, and Otero

30,701

total

185

(87)

198

1.3%

0.8%

93

131

136

163

168

153

125

77

Seventeenth

Adams and Broomfield

432,758

total

1,157

(689)

1,426

8.8%

10.7%

53

67

62

65

66

65

60

49

Eighteenth

Arapahoe, Douglas, Elbert, Lincoln

789,009

total

2,721

(1,670)

1,664

15.0%

19.5%

N/A

46

49

52

59

60

56

50

Nineteenth

Weld

219,257

757

(447)

1,116

6.4%

5.4%

97

88

101

90

95

95

85

46

Twentieth

Boulder

278,917

467

(250)

771

4.2%

6.9%

25

48

51

47

44

51

44

45

Twenty first

Mesa

127,253

245

(109)

728

3.3%

3.2%

75

62

69

74

72

75

76

77

Twenty second

Dolores and Montezuma

26,583

total

140

(56)

97

0.8%

0.7%

54

55

65

87

95

86

89

59

Totals (minus Denver)

4,044,568

14,060

(7,917)

15,255

 

Av 62

M 67

SD28

Av 67

M 77

SD27

Av 69

M 80

SD30

Av 72

M 84

SD29

Av74

M 85

SD28

Av 78

M 88

SD28

Av 73

M 82

SD23

Av 53

M 56

SD 9

County populations: U.S. Census Bureau

Restraining orders and divorces: Colorado State Court Tables 17, 29, and 30

Notes:

1. Prior to fiscal 2002 the courts lumped all civil restraining orders together. Statistics for 2002 and subsequent years separate civil and domestic abuse (DA) orders. For consistency with prior years both the total number and (domestic abuse) restraining orders are given. Again for consistency, the total number of civil restraining orders plus domestic violence cases is used to calculate percentages and per capita values. Where domestic abuse orders exceed 50% the values are shown in (bold).

2. A restraining order is mandated by law C.R.S. § 18-1-1001.

3. Average is from the sum of civil and criminal restraining orders (29,315) divided by the state population minus Denver City and County.

4. Divorces includes all dissolutions, legal separations, and invalid marriage.

Av —Statewide average

 

M —Mean of judicial districts

 

SD — Standard deviation of judicial districts

Top


From 2002 on the State Court Administrator has broken the number of restraining orders issued into the separate categories of (a) domestic abuse and (b) all others. The number of restraining orders issued in each judicial district are shown in parentheses (number of domestic abuse orders) in Table 47. The values for judicial districts where more than half the restraining orders are for domestic abuse are shown in (bold). However, for consistency with data from previous years, it is necessary to use the total number of restraining orders for each judicial district and accept the inherent bias. The statewide average (minus Denver) is 73 per 10,000 citizens.

The number of restraining orders has increased over time, from 21,475 in 1998 (Table 36) to 29,315 in 2004 (Table 47), a 37% increase in just seven years while the sampled population has only increased 17%.

If restraining orders are being issued at the same ratio of 73 per 10,000 citizens in the entire United States as in Colorado there are approximately 2.1 million such orders being issued every year. That is a frightening number.

While the restraining order rate decreased 6% in 2004 from the 2003 high, this trend does not suggest the domestic violence problem is being solved, or offenders deterred, by current law and practice (see Table 51). Nor are the number of DV court cases supported by any other data. Domestic violence and abuse have clearly decreased in Colorado on a per capita basis from law enforcement data (Table 53).

The mean number of restraining orders for twenty-one of the twenty-two Colorado judicial districts for 2004 is 82 per 10,000 residents, with a standard deviation of 23 (Table 47).

In terms of the rate of restraining orders, the Third, Fourth, Tenth, Twelfth, and Sixteenth judicial districts once again lead the state for the year 2004 with 109, 109, 121, 114, and 125 restraining orders per 10,000 citizens respectively (Table 47). May god have pity on children and families in these draconian districts.

Percent of restraining orders versus percent of population

Top

A simple test of equity is the percentage of restraining orders issued in a judicial district versus the percentage of the population residing in that district. If uniform standards were being applied the percent of population would roughly equal the percent of restraining orders issued in that district. Any variance should diminish as the sample size increases. Thus large judicial districts like the Fourth, Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Twentieth should show smaller variances than small districts like the Third, Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Twenty Second.

Allowing for differences in the populations of the judicial districts we still find in Table 47 that again in 2004 the Fourth Judicial District has issued an exceptionally high number of restraining orders (21.4% of total) relative to its percentage of the state population (14.3%) sampled.

Although small districts, the Third (0.9% of orders, 0.6% of population), Seventh (3.2% of orders, 2.3% of population) and Sixteenth (1.3% of orders, 0.8% of population) judicial districts consistently issue a much greater percentage of restraining orders than their populations would suggest.

While larger judicial districts, the Tenth (6.2% of orders, 3.7% of population) and the Nineteenth (6.4% of orders, 5.3% of population) also fall into this category.

These six judicial districts fail this simple test of equity.


Comparison of domestic violence and abuse with other misdemeanors in 2004



  

Table 48 is a continuing attempt, for six years now, to see where and whether restraining orders and domestic violence correlate with other societal problems. The implicit assumption in Table 48, as in previous years, is that domestic violence is associated with other problems such as alcoholism, drug use, etc. For example, underage alcohol abuse and drug use would be associated with abusive or broken homes, and that Joe Six Pack likely gets into other kinds of trouble, e.g., bar brawls, for which he is arrested as well. In 2004 this assumption holds in the Third, Sixteenth, Twenty-First, and is especially notable in the Twelfth Judicial District (Table 48).

 
    Table 48: Selected misdemeanor filings in the Colorado courts for fiscal year 2004. Number of filings per 10,000 citizens.

Judicial district

Colorado Counties

2004

Census

Domestic

Violence

Underage

Alcohol

Offenses

Drugs

Offense

Against

Persons 1

Offense

Against

Property 2

Fraud

First

Gilpin and Jefferson

539,604

total

25

17

16

17

9

1

Second

Denver (not included in totals)

556,835

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Third

Huerfano and Las Animas

23,108

total

47

104

48

55

37

2

Fourth

El Paso and Teller

576,251

total

58

22

27

24

14

2

Fifth

Clear Creek, Eagle, Lake, Summit

88,189

total

47

35

38

33

20

3

Sixth

Archuleta, La Plata, San Juan

58,658

total

46

14

29

18

11

0

Seventh

Delta, Gunnison, Hinsdale,

Montrose, Ouray, San Miguel

92,679

total

38

28

28

25

10

6

Eighth

Jackson and Larimer

270,326

total

41

44

34

23

16

0

Ninth

Garfield, Pitkin, Rio Blanco

69,274

total

50

36

24

35

10

1

Tenth

Pueblo

150,171

56

24

9

27

17

0

Eleventh

Chaffee, Custer, Fremont, Park

85,035

total

35

23

25

35

12

14

Twelfth

Alamosa, Conejos, Costilla,

Mineral, Rio Grande, Saguache

47,464

total

55

40

36

56

21

60

Thirteenth

Kit Carson, Logan, Morgan, Phillips, Sedgwick, Washington, and Yuma

78,311

total

37

21

27

25

9

3

Fourteenth

Grand, Moffat, and Routt

47,733

total

48

66

53

32

22

7

Fifteenth

Baca, Cheyenne, Kiowa, Prowers

21,657

total

32

47

20

23

14

45

Sixteenth

Bent, Crowley, and Otero

30,701

total

65

60

21

43

29

4

Seventeenth

Adams and Broomfield

432,758

total

33

6

9

14

10

0

Eighteenth

Arapahoe, Douglas, Elbert, Lincoln

789,009

total

21

23

12

13

9

0

Nineteenth

Weld

219,257

51

12

14

18

10

5

Twentieth

Boulder

278,917

28

61

26

21

26

0

Twenty first

Mesa

127,253

57

90

60

27

24

1

Twenty second

Dolores and Montezuma

26,583

total

36

48

26

40

14

17

Statewide average (minus Denver)

Mean of 21 judicial districts

Std. deviation of 21 judicial districts

38

43

12

28

39

25

21

28

13

21

29

12

13

16

8

3

8

15

County populations: U.S. Census Bureau

Misdemeanors: Colorado State Court Table 30

Notes:

1. Offenses against persons includes the crimes of assault, child abuse, forgery, harassment, sex offenses, and menacing.

2. Offenses against property includes the crimes of arson, criminal mischief, and theft.

3. Values that differ from the state average for a given offense by one standard deviation or more are shown in bold.

Top



 The divorce rate then appears to be declining because there are fewer couples getting married. And in 2003 the marriage and restraining order rates appear to intersect although additional data, as always, are desirable.

Clearly, the implication is that as charges of domestic violence and abuse increase, the number of marriages declines. That finding agrees with common sense. Marriages are built on trust and a restraining order or DV allegation destroys any trust in one's partner.

There are, of course, many other factors contributing to the decline of marriage in today's society, e.g., the easy availability
of sex without getting married. Women also blame men, as usual, for having a fear of commitment. But it is a rare man today who has not been caught up in the nightmare of a divorce, allegations of domestic violence, a restraining order, or faced charges of sexual harassment; or at least has a close friend, co-worker, parent, sibling, or other relative who has been through the horror of our present "legal" system.

With the rate of restraining orders exceeding the marriage rate, does anyone think our society can long survive under these laws and practices?

 If unsupported allegations of domestic violence and abuse can be freely made in divorce and custody disputes with the law strongly favoring the female, then a man has to be functionally insane to marry and a drooling idiot to sire a child. By not marrying, and using modern birth control methods, our best and brightest largely avoid the nightmares our family laws and
courts have become. As a result, family laws in Colorado have become a breeding experiment in stupidity.


Charles E. Corry, Ph.D., F.G.S.A.
President, Equal Justice Foundation http://web.archive.org/web/20060222103958/http://www.ejfi.org/
455 Bear Creek Road
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80906-5820
Telephone: (719) 520-1089
Domestic violence against men in Colorado: http://web.archive.org/web/20060222103958/http://www.dvmen.org/
Personal home page: http://web.archive.org/web/20060222103958/http://corry.ws/
Curriculum vitae: http://www.marquiswhoswho.net/charleselmocorry/Default.aspx

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501(c)(3) corporation.
Contributions are tax deductible and can be made on the Web at
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